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IGO Limited
IGO · XASX · Other Industrial Metals & Mining · Australia
IGO Limited is an Australian resources company specializing in the discovery, development, and production of battery and critical minerals essential for clean energy technologies. Primarily focused on mining and processing nickel, lithium, copper, and cobalt, IGO Limited plays a significant role in supplying materials fundamental to electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and other renewable energy applications. Notable operations include the Nova and Forrestania Nickel Operations, and the company holds a substantial joint venture interest in the Greenbushes lithium mine—one of the world’s largest sources of hard-rock lithium. Founded in 2000 and headquartered in Perth, IGO Limited pursues both upstream and downstream capabilities, integrating mining, processing, and exploration activities. Its strategic focus supports the global transition to low-emission technologies by ensuring a reliable supply of metals increasingly in demand amid the energy transition. IGO Limited’s position within the materials sector underscores its importance to both the Australian mining industry and the global supply chain for battery and electrification minerals.
Industry
Other Industrial Metals & Mining
Basic Materials sector · Australia
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Supply Chain
Lithium Supply Chain
The lithium supply chain is shaped by three structural constraints that most commodity systems do not face simultaneously: extraction methods diverge so fundamentally that brine evaporation and hard-rock mining produce different timelines, geographies, and cost structures from the same element; chemical refining is concentrated in China regardless of where lithium is mined; and demand grows on EV product cycles while new mine development takes five to seven years, creating a timing mismatch the system cannot resolve through price alone.
Rare Earth Elements Supply Chain
The rare earth supply chain is governed by three structural constraints that most industries never encounter: rare earth elements occur together in ore and cannot be mined individually, separation requires toxic acid-based processes that produce radioactive waste, and China controls roughly sixty percent of mining and ninety percent of processing capacity worldwide.
Copper Supply Chain
The copper supply chain is shaped by three structural constraints that compound over time: ore grades are declining, forcing more energy and processing per ton of output; smelting and refining capacity is concentrated in China, which processes roughly forty percent of global copper; and new mines take ten to fifteen years from discovery to production, meaning supply cannot respond to demand on any timeline shorter than a decade.